Wednesday, 31 October 2012

Make Up to ask @ Christine Blundell's Make Up School

Here are a few things that someone from our group will be asking for help about from Christine Blundell, when they attend a small workshop to get help and advice on make up tips for our Horror Trailers.


  • Slit throat
  • Scars
  • Cuts/Scabs
  • Strangle marks
  • Injections
  • Coughing up blood
  • Blood spurting 
  • Person looking high 


Wednesday, 24 October 2012

Checklist + Prop List for Horror Trailer

Here is a list of all the different things we need for our film so we can keep a check list and work out what we have and what we still need: Check list: Character Script Facebook Event Synopsis Props Makeup Costumes Photo’s of each character Photo of whole group to show how many people there are in the group of friends Photo’s of Eleanor and Hunter- together and happy Risk assessments- IMPORTANT Props list: Sugar pills Fake needle Sharpened, blacken spoon Rope Fake blood- food colouring, golden syrup, chocolate sauce Thin plastic tubing Picture frames/ pictures of group/ pictures of Eleanor and Hunter Razor Empty alcohol bottles Fake Cigarettes Latex Liquid latex

Cinematography - Binary Opposition

Today in our lesson, we were trying out different focuses and how to use Binary Oppositions by having one person blurry and the other in focus and trying out different ways to pull focus. We used a DSLR camera EOS 550D.

We also learnt about how changing the F stop changes the distance of focus. If the F stop number is small there is a deeper focus and if the F stop if big its a shallow focus. To do a pull focus you have to have a small F stop and use the focus ring around the outside of the camera to change what is in focus.

Other ways of showing binary opposition is through body language, mis-en-scene, costume, props, and make up.






Binary Opposition 1 from Joana Freitas on Vimeo.

Binary Opposition 2 from Joana Freitas on Vimeo.

Binary Oppositon 3 from Joana Freitas on Vimeo.

Tuesday, 23 October 2012

Screenplay - Take 3

We looked at the script again and decided to take out the final girl going into the Void and just have the killer going into the void shaking from nerves and the fact he is high. We decided that if we showed the final girl going into the void it would show too much of the story:

1. EXT. UNDER THE BRIDGE NEAR ACLAND BURGHLEY - DAY
LONG SHOT
Eleanor and Hunter walking around until they reach the tunnel. Eleanor pushes Hunter against the wall of the tunnel. 
CUTS TO:
CLOSE UP
She puts her hand on his face. He puts his hand around her waist.She looks up to him and he looks back. She smiles then bites her lips.
CUTS TO:
MEDIUM LONG SHOT
They kiss.
SCENE FADES TO BLACK
2. INT. ELEANOR'S ROOM
CAMERA PANS THE ROOM - 360 TURN
The room is filled with memories that establishes their relationship together. Hunter is sitting on the floor about to swallow a pill but is interrupted by Eleanor's entrance. They start arguing.
LONG SHOT
ELEANOR
(SHOCKED)
The hell are doing?
CAMERA TRACKS HUNTER STANDING UP. WHEN THE CONVERSATION STARTS THE CAMERA MOVES BACK AND FORTH TO WHOEVER IS TALKING.
HUNTER
It's not what you think
ELEANOR
(Angrily)
I'm not that stupid you know?!!! I though you stopped doing this kind of crap!
HUNTER
(Shouting with an angry tone)
Do you know how hard it is to stop this kind of shit?!!! It's been hard for me to resist.
ELEANOR
(Calms down and talks in a reasonable way)
Talk to me and tell why you're still doing this?
WHILST ELEANOR IS TALKING THE CAMERA'S FOCUS IS ON HUNTER. A NON-DIETETIC HEART BEATING SOUND IS IN PLAYING TO SHOW HOW TENSE HE FEELS. 
Hunter doesn't reply. He gets frustrated  He pushes her against the wall. He slams his fist into the wall instead of at her. Eleanor cowers away from him.
HUNTER
(Forcefully)
Just shut up ok? I don't care!
ELEANOR
(Quivers in fear)
Then just leave... the door is wide open for you.
Hunter lets go of her and walks out of the room and slams the door on his way out.
CUT TO:
 INT. BEDROOM TO LIVING ROOM- NIGHT
Eleanor dressed in a white towel. Looks in the mirror. Wipes her tears whilst smudging her eye make-up.
CUTS TO:
Slowly walks through the living room with memories of her deceased friends. Hanging photos of her friends all happy, focus one with them all on night of the murders- before the deaths. 
Walk of shame.
Enters the bathroom.
CUTS TO:
 INT. BATHROOM- NIGHT
Holds the handle. As she twists her wrist you see a carved in heart with a 'H' in the middle of it. Closes the door.
CUTS TO:
Turns on tap. Bath is ready. Close up of her feet. Drops the towel.
CUTS TO:
LONG SHOT
Blurry, steamed up bathroom to censor her getting into the warm bath.
CUTS TO:
Side view the bath. Eleanor sits in a upright fetal position. Then lays down.
CUTS TO:
Close up of her face. Pulls her hair back. She sighs. Looks agitated. Empty alcohol bottles around her. A sharp and used razor beside the bath with a small amount of blood on it, bloody marks along the side of the bath.
ELEANOR
(stutters and shivers)
I'm sorry. I should have warned you all about him. But I didn't... I'm sorry... I'm so sorry.
CUTS TO:
Eleanor takes a pill. Closes her eyes for a few moments. But passes out due to drug. Her head falls in the bath. 
CUTS TO:
 3. EXT. ALLEY WAY- NIGHT
The killer is in the background with CHARLIE in the front looking scared and worried. Charlie has cuts and and bruises on her from the fighting with the killer.
CHARLIE
(begging)
Who are you?
There is no reply from the killer. The killer takes a few big strides and is stood behind CHARLIE with a syringe of heroine. He puts the needle in her and makes her OD, killing her instantly.
CUT TO:
The killer slightly closer than with Charlie. AMY is in the foreground with the killer behind her. 
AMY
(scared)
What do you want with me?
The killer still doesn't reply. He stays a little way from her.The killer moves over to her with a ROPE (thing druggies use) and quickly gags her before he strangles her. Her body falls to the floor dead.
CUT TO:
The Killer is right behind DANIEL. He holds him and puts a knife to his throat.
DANIEL
(scared)
No!
The killer laughs and slit's his throat with a blackened spoon that has been sharpened. Daniel coughs and chocks coughing up blood and collapses to the ground, shaking and coughing as blood oozes from the wound in his neck. The killer disappears.
4. EXT. OUTSIDE THE VOID - DAY
FROM ACTOR'S PERSPECTIVE OR HEADCAM
Breathing heavily. The protagonist is running towards the entrance to the void. Struggles. to get the keys out and opening the door. 
CUTS TO:
CLOSE UP
Unable to open the door because they uses the wrong key. Tries different keys. Drops keys before picking them up. Eventually opens the door. 
CUTS TO:
INT. SUB-ENTRANCE OF THE VOID
LOW ANGLE, LONG SHOT
Opens the door. All you see is the protagonist's feet. Running towards the another door. Opens that door and slams it shut
CUTS TO:
CLOSE UP of the sign on the door - 'Please Keep Out, Under Further Notice'
INT. THE VOID
MEDIUM LONG SHOT 
Running down the stairs and falls on the last step. 
CUTS TO:
FROM ACTOR'S PERSPECTIVE OR HEADCAM
Breathing intensely. Tilts head up then to left to right to check no one is here. Starts running further in the void
CUTS TO:
LONG SHOT
Protagonist running towards the camera. 
CUTS TO:
CLOSE UP
Stumbles on the way. Jumps to avoid getting glass on his feet. Screenshots of the location. Reaches main location
CUTS TO:
Hunter sits down. Gets some cannabis out of pocket. Rolls it up and inhales it. He sighs and tilts his head back. He starts hallucinating. 
CUTS TO:
Feels paranoid and starts walking back and forth. He sees picture of him and Eleanor on the wall and goes crazy and rips them down and throws it in the ditch. 
CUTS TO:
CLOSE UP OF HIS EYES TO SHOW HOW HIGH HE IS - BLOODSHOT.
HE WALKS OUT OF SCENE:
6. INT. BATHROOM- NIGHT
Close up of her face. Air bubbles develops when she opens her mouth. Eyes wide open. Lifts her head out of the bath. Breathes heavily in and out. She realizes she almost drowned herself unintentionally. Sits up and pulls her hair back.
CUTS TO:
CLOSE UP OF HER FOREARM TO EXTREME CLOSE UP OF HER WRIST
She finds fresh cuts on her arm and her wrist. The heart on her wrist turns into a broken heart. 
CUTS TO:
The blood drips in the bath. She begins to panic. Discovers beside her that the razor has fresh blood on it.
CUTS TO:
Pulls the bath plugs. Watches the blood and water flow away. 
Grabs the towel on the floor. Wraps it around her torso. Gets up and out the bath. 
CUTS TO:
Walks to the sink. Turns the tap on and washes the blood away, furiously. Smacks the edges of the sink. Breathes intensely.  
CUTS TO:
Slowly lifts up her head and looks at the steamed mirror. Discovers something dark next to her blurred reflection. Wipes the steamed mirror. 
CLOSE UP OF HER WIPING THE MIRROR, WHEN SHE REACHES THE DARK SHADOW. 
She discovers who it is. She turns and looks at the killer. 
CUTS TO:
(CLOSE UP OF HER FACE shivering and quivering )

Fear in her eyes. She turns around. Turns back to the mirror. 
CUTS TO:
CLOSE UP OF HER EYES AND She hears a dissonant voice. HER EYES ARE WIDE OPEN.
HUNTER/ KILLER
(Low, deep, artificial voice)
You're next
FADES TO BLACK:

Screenplay - Take 2


Having looked over our first draft again we realized it seemed too much like a short film and didn't have enough in it that related to the drugs that are used throughout the song 'The A Team' which we are hoping to use in our film. We decided that we would try and second draft and this time we would add drugs into it more and hide the identity of the killer better as it was obvious who it was in the last one. We decided to add a scene where we see the final girl and the killer (she doesn't know he is the killer) fighting about drugs and the final girl dumping him. We thought this could be a good reason for the killer to kill, he is angry and high of drugs. We also added a scene where we show the now ex-boyfriend  sat smoking and drinking to show the audience that he is a drunk and a druggie. We also decided to show three of the deats- as this is a slasher horror- and link their deaths with different drugs, one dies from an injection of an overdose of herione- which the killer gives her, one is strangled by a rope usedf to cut of blood when injectnig drugs and the final death is caused my a sharpened blackened spoon that had been used to heat up different drugs.
1. EXT. IN THE PARK- DAY
Eleanor and Hunter are out in the park. Close up of holding hands. Hunter spins her into him and she looks up at him smiling before she rests her head on his chest and he wraps his arms around her protectively. 
2. INT. HUNTER'S ROOM- DAY
Eleanor is holding up some DRUGS and looking at Hunter who is staring back. 
ELEANOR
(angry)
When were you planning on telling me about this?
HUNTER
I wasn't...
ELEANOR
Why? you do realize this will kill you!
HUNTER
I know
ELEANOR
(angrier)
Stop being so distant. talk to me!
Hunter doesn't reply. he pushes her against the wall, his fist slams into the wall beside her head and Eleanor cowers away from him.
HUNTER
(angrily)
Just shut up ok? I don't care!
ELEANOR
(scared)
Well... if you don't care... i guess we're over!
Eleanor then gets out of his arms and runs out the room.
CUT TO:
3. INT. BEDROOM TO LIVING ROOM- NIGHT
Eleanor dressed in a white towel. Looks in the mirror. Wipes her tears whilst smudging her eye make-up.
CUTS TO:
Slowly walks through the living room with memories of her deceased friends. Hanging photos of her friends all happy, focus one with them all on night of the murders- before the deaths. 
Walk of shame.
Enters the bathroom.
CUTS TO:
4. INT. BATHROOM- NIGHT
Holds the handle. As she twists her wrist you see a carved in heart with a 'H' in the middle of it. Closes the door.
CUTS TO:
Turns on tap. Bath is ready. Close up of her feet. Drops the towel.
CUTS TO:
LONG SHOT
Blurry, steamed up bathroom to censor her getting into the warm bath.
CUTS TO:
Side view the bath. Eleanor sits in a upright fetal position. Then lays down.
CUTS TO:
Close up of her face. Pulls her hair back. She sighs. Looks agitated. Empty alcohol bottles around her. A sharp and used razor beside the bath with a small amount of blood on it, bloody marks along the side of the bath.
ELEANOR
(stutters and shivers)
I'm sorry. I should have warned you all about him. But I didn't... I'm sorry... I'm so sorry.
CUTS TO:
Eleanor takes a DRUG and closes her eyes for a few moments. But passes out due to drug. Her head falls in the bath. 
CUTS TO:
 HUNTERS ROOM- DAY
Hunter is sat in his room smoking as he looks around. He see's PICTURES of him and Eleanor and goes over to them before he pulls them down one by one and rips them up, throwing them in his bin beside him. He continues to smoke and get higher and higher.
CUT TO:
 EXT. ALLEY WAY- NIGHT
The killer is in the background with CHARLIE in the front looking scared and worried. Charlie has cuts and and bruises on her from the fighting with the killer.
CHARLIE
(begging)
Who are you?
There is no reply from the killer. The killer takes a few big strides and is stood behind CHARLIE with a syringe of heroine. He puts the needle in her and makes her OD, killing her instantly.
CUT TO:
The killer slightly closer than with Charlie. AMY is in the foreground with the killer behind her. 
AMY
(scared)
What do you want with me?
The killer still doesn't reply. He stays a little way from her.The killer moves over to her with a ROPE (thing druggies use) and quickly gags her before he strangles her. Her body falls to the floor dead.
CUT TO:
The Killer is right behind DANIEL. He holds him and puts a knife to his throat.
DANIEL
(scared)
No!
The killer laughs and slit's his throat with a blackened spoon that has been sharpened. Daniel coughs and chocks coughing up blood and collapses to the ground, shaking and coughing as blood oozes from the wound in his neck. The killer disappears.

6. INT. BATHROOM- NIGHT
Close of her face. Air bubbles develops when she opens her mouth. Eyes wide open. Lifts her head out of the bath. Breathes heavily in and out. She realizes she almost drowned herself unintentionally. Sits up and pulls her hair back.
CUTS TO:
CLOSE UP OF HER FOREARM TO EXTREME CLOSE UP OF HER WRIST
She finds fresh cuts on her arm and her wrist. The heart on her wrist turns into a broken heart. 
CUTS TO:
The blood drips in the bath. She begins to panic. Discovers beside her that the razor has fresh blood on it.
CUTS TO:
Pulls the bath plugs. Watches the blood and water flow away. 
Grabs the towel on the floor. Wraps it around her torso. Gets up and out the bath. 
CUTS TO:
Walks to the sink. Turns the tap on and washes the blood away, furiously. Smacks the edges of the sink. Breathes intensely.  
CUTS TO:
Slowly lifts up her head and looks at the steamed mirror. Discovers something dark next to her blurred reflection. Wipes the steamed mirror. 
CLOSE UP OF HER WIPING THE MIRROR, WHEN SHE REACHES THE DARK SHADOW. 
She discovers who it is. She turns and looks at the killer. 
CUTS TO:
CLOSE UP OF HER FACE SCREAMING. 
The mask of the mysterious figure is dropped on the floor. Fear in her eyes. She turns around. Turns back to the mirror
CUTS TO:
On the mirror. Written in blood 'You're Next'
HUNTER/ KILLER
(Low, deep, artificial voice)
You're next
Eleanor screams as Hunter forces her into a hoodie and shorts. Hunter then ties her hands together and gags her before he drags her to an underground lair.(Void)
7. EXT. OUTSIDE LAIR- NIGHT
Hunter drags Eleanor along the outside of the lair while she is tied up. He opens the door and drags (carries bridal style) her in.
8. INT. THE LAIR (THE VOID)
Hunter drags her in. Scanning the room and showing his weapon with blood dripping on it. He drags her through a door and down some stairs before he turns and leaves, slamming the door behind him.
CUT TO:
Shot of just the door.
FADES TO BLACK.

Fake Blood Effect - Option 3

FOR DRIPPING AND SPATTERING

Ketchup stains costumes. Besides, it's not real-looking, unless you're a Sergio Leone-wannabe aiming for spaghetti-Western effects. So while most mixtures avoid condiments, almost all are based on other common food products available at any grocery store. 
For runny, crimson, oxygenated blood and splatters, Folino relies on a simple formula using corn (Karo) syrup and dye (red food coloring will work but is hard to wash out of clothes; Folino prefers red dye 40, available at Monster Makers & FX supply, 7305 Detroit Ave., Cleveland). 
This is good for mouth-bleeding. Folino pours it in the corner of a sandwich bag sealed with a clothes hand iron. The actor bites it and spits blood. If used outside the mouth, add a squirt of liquid detergent to reduce staining. Cornstarch thickens. Water thins. 

How to make it
• 2/3 cup light (clear) corn syrup
• 1/3 cup warm water
• 3-5 teaspoons red food coloring (less if using red 40)
• 2-3 drops blue or green food coloring
• 5 tablespoons corn starch
• A squirt of concentrated liquid laundry soap 
• Mix ingredients, testing under stage lights and adjusting for color and consistency. 

 
 
FOR GOUTS AND SMEARS 
Alfred Hitchcock employed Bosco chocolate syrup for the shower scene in "Psycho." The viscosity and opacity were perfect, and he didn't worry about color for black-and-white film. 
For live-action, adding detergent and red dye creates a convincing brownish, oxygen-depleted venous blood that smears like the real thing. 
This was the formula for the copious blood spilled in "Sweeney." "It was so gratifying to hear the audience react every time I slit a throat," Folino said. "It was just awesome." 
Folino hid sandwich bags in pockets on the inside of the aprons Todd put on his customers. As he slit, the customers reached instinctively for their throats and used their hands to dump the blood. 
This mixture also can be used for dried blood. Use a hair dryer. 

How to make it
• 2/3 cup chocolate syrup
• 1/3 cup concentrated liquid laundry detergent
• 4-6 teaspoons red food coloring (less if using red 40)
• Mix syrup with detergent, add food coloring, testing under stage lights. 
• Refrigerate, if mixing in advance, until 1 hour before needed.
 

FOR ORGANS AND FLESH
Lots of other stage blood concoctions can be made of grenadine syrup, chocolate pudding, cherry Asian dipping sauce, flour, cocoa powder, arrowroot, instant coffee, and Kool-Aid or Jell-O mix. 
And the corn and chocolate syrups can be manipulated in thickness and texture to create many effects, squirting through hidden plastic tubes, splashed on walls, spreading on floors. 
To create blood with muscle or vital organs, some folks add peanut butter, smooth or chunky (depending on the grossness quotient), or pumpkin guts with the seeds removed. 
Folino advocates for toilet paper (which we used in the photo at right) or oatmeal macerated in the corn syrup recipe until it's the gooey mess of head trauma. 
Folino uses oatmeal in the headshot scene in "Evil Dead." "You can throw this stuff on the wall, and it sticks," Folino said. "It makes great brains." 

How to make it 
•1 portion of the corn syrup mix (top)
• Squares of toilet paper torn into thin strips OR oatmeal
• Blend the toilet paper (or oatmeal) into the blood a few strips at a time until the desired consistency is reached, testing for stickiness and color.
• Can be used as is or partially or fully dried.

Found off:http://www.cleveland.com/onstage/index.ssf/2009/06/stage_secrets_revealed_how_to.html

Slit Throat Effect

1) Make fake blood

2) Buy a very thin plastic icepack or a water balloon


3) Fill the icepack or the water balloon with the artificial blood

4) Put an inch thick bandages around the victims neck and throat.

5) Tape the thin icepack or water balloon against the thick bandages

6) Get some plastic foil and surround the victims throat and neck as tight and smooth as possible, though not so much the victim actually suffocates

7) Use "skin colored" spray and makeup to make the neck and throat realistic

8) Get a medium sharp knife and slit the throat clean, but just right at the tip of the balloon or icepack; the bandages are so you don't hit the actual throat

Found off: http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Horror-Scene-With-a-Slit-Throat

Splattering Blood Effect

You Will Need:

Soy sauce
Red food coloring
Plastic tubing, to fit
Plastic syringe
Push pin

How to:

1) Make the splatter gun. Take a piece of small plastic tubing about the size of a vein or an artery, and force it onto the end of a syringe. Use tape or glue to make this into an airtight seal.

2) Make the blood. Pour some soy sauce into a cup or bowl and add the red food dye. Add enough to make the blood dark red.

3) Load the syringe. Put the end of the tubing in the cup or bowl and pull back the plunge to suck up the blood.

4) Stop the end. Use a push pin to clog the end of the tube. Make sure it's well clogged.

5) Prep yourself. Tape the loaded syringe under your costume and push on the plunger to release a spray of blood.

Found off: http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Fake-Blood

Creating Fake Blood - Option 2


Fake Blood- Option 2

Chocolate blood (edible)


You will need
:
  • Corn syrup (or golden syrup)
  • Red food coloring or cherry Kool Aid powder
  • Powdered chocolate
  • Flour or corn starch (optional).

  • 1) Make the basic mix. Combine light corn syrup with red food dye until you get a shade that closely resembles real blood. You can also use cherry Kool Aid powder instead of red food dye for a yummy chocolate cherry flavor.

    2) Add chocolate. Add a small amount of cocoa powder to the syrup mixture to darken the shade and turn the fake blood opaque, just like real blood.

    3) Perfect the consistency. Either thin the blood by slowly adding water, or thicken it with a couple pinches of flour or cornstarch whisked in gently.

    Found on: http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Fake-Blood

    Creating Fake Blood - Option 1


    Realistic Syrup Blood (edible)


    You will need:
    1) Water
    2) Corn syrup (golden syrup)
    3)Red, blue, and green food coloring (might cut out the green nd use black and violet)
    4)Flour, cornstarch, chocolate syrup, or maple syrup.


    Make the basic mix
    1) Combine one part water with three parts golden syrup.

    2) Add drops red food coloring gradually and mix gently by stirring.
    3) Continue adding drops until the shade resembles that of real blood (always err on the side of adding less, as it's easier to add more).

    4) Add a small amount of blue or green food coloring to achieve a more realistic shade. (Arterial blood is bright red, while venous blood is a dark maroon).

    5) Add a thickener. Suitable thickeners include: Dry thickener. Add sifted flour or corn starch to your mixture, and whisk or stir it gently until smooth. 
    If small lumps form, wait about a minute and the lumps will float to the top where you can remove them easily. Note: you can also use glycerine instead.
    6) Wet thickener. Stir in thick chocolate syrup until the desired consistency (and optimal flavor) is reached.

    7) Adjust your mix. If it is too pink or orange, add red.

    8) Use blue cautiously Only add blue when you have at least put 3 teaspoons in and 1 drop of blue and you're confident it is still not dark enough and only add blue slowly

    9) If it seems to be too purple, you'll have to start again––unfortunately, you cannot fix it just by adding more red.

    10) If the mix is too transparent, add a little flour.

    11) Let the mixture sit for ten minutes in a warm environment. This will give it some time to thicken and coagulate. And then you can freak people out with the fake blood—–it's a lot of fun!


    Found off: 
    http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Fake-Blood

    Propp Theory


    Film as Fairy Tale

    Vladimir Propp, a Russian critic, active in the 1920’s, published his Morphology of the Folk Tale in 1928. While the Soviet cinema was producing excellent films, Propp was essentially interested in the narrative of folk tales. He noticed
    Folk tales were similar in many areas. They were about the same basic struggles and they appeared to have stock characters. He identified a theory about characters and actions as narrative functions.
    Characters, according to Propp, have a narrative function; they provide a structure for the text.

    Characters that perform a function

    The Hero – a character that seeks something
    The Villain – who opposes or actively blocks the hero’s quest
    The Donor – who provides an object with magical properties
    The Dispatcher – who sends the hero on his/her quest via a message
    The False Hero – who disrupts the hero’s success by making false claims
    The Helper – who aids the hero
    The Princess – acts as the reward for the hero and the object of the villain’s plots
    Her Father – who acts to reward the hero for his effort

    Actions as functions of narrative

    Preparation
    A community/kingdom/family is in an ordered state of being
    A member of the community/kingdom/family leaves home
    A warning is given to the leaders of the community or a rule is imposed on the hero
    The warning is discounted/ the rule is broken
    The villain attempts to discover something about the victim of the broken rule
    The villain tries to deceive the victim to gain advantage
    The victim unwittingly helps the villain

    Complication
    A state of disorder
    The villain harms a member of the community/kingdom/family
    One of the members of the community/kingdom/family desires something
    The hero is sent to get what is desired
    The hero plans action against the villain

    Transference
    The hero leaves home
    The hero is tested or attacked/ he meets the test and is given a magical gift or helper
    The hero reacts to the donor
    The hero arrives at the place he can fulfil his quest

    Struggle
    There is a struggle between the hero and the villain
    The hero is branded
    The villain is overcome
    The state of disorder is settled

    Return
    The hero returns
    The hero is pursued
    The hero escapes or is rescued
    The hero arrives home and is not recognised
    A false hero claims rewards
    A task is set for the hero
    The task is accomplished

    Recognition
    The hero is recognised
    The false hero or villain is unmasked
    The false hero is punished
    The hero attains the reward (princess/ kingdom)

    To Propp events are not just about character and action but also about progressing the narrative.